甜菜BvGSTU9基因的生物信息学及在镉胁迫下的表达分析

为了进一步研究甜菜谷胱甘肽转移酶BvGSTU9 (LOC104894060)在重金属胁迫过程中的功能。本研究以‘780016B/12优’为实验材料,对该基因序列特征、结构、功能进行预测分析,并利用qPCR检测该基因在不同浓度镉胁迫下的表达量变化。结果显示甜菜BvGSTU9基因全长925 bp,开放阅读框675 bp,编码了由224个氨基酸组成的不稳定膜外蛋白。BvGSTU9与菠菜、藜麦的氨基酸序列相似性较高,与系统发育进化树分析结果基本相符。二级和三级结构预测表明该基因主要由α-螺旋、β-折叠、延伸链及无规则卷曲组成。qPCR显示BvGSTU9基因在不同浓度的镉胁迫下均受到不同程度的诱导,因此可以推断甜菜BvGSTU9基因无论从结构还是功能上,与镉逆境胁迫存在着一定的应答关系。研究结果也为甜菜耐重金属镉机制研究提供参考依据。     

抗青枯病花生种质资源的鉴定与筛选

为筛选适宜河南省信阳市种植的抗青枯病花生品种,对27份花生品种青枯病田间病圃进行鉴定,计算其发病率和病情指数,从而进行抗病性鉴定和筛选。结果表明,27个供试品种中,中高抗品种共10个占总数的37%,3个品种类型各筛选出2个抗病品种。6个抗病品种发病规律表明,7天和14天病情指数增长较快,21天后基本无变化。高油型花生‘远杂9102’和‘信花425’,高油酸型花生‘信花14号’和‘驻花11号’,普通型花生‘远杂21号’和‘豫花149号’为适宜信阳种植的抗病品种。     

小麦山农4143抗黑胚病遗传分析及抗性遗传位点检测

 黑胚病是小麦生产的重要籽粒病害,麦根腐平脐蠕孢(Bipolaris sorokiniana)是黑胚病的主要致病菌。为分析小麦抗黑胚病遗传规律并检测抗性位点,本研究以抗黑胚病小麦品系山农4143与感病品系宛原白1号的F₇代重组自交系(RIL)群体为材料,于2018~2019年在3个试验点种植,采用“孢子液喷洒、套袋保湿”的方法进行接菌鉴定,用“主基因＋多基因混合遗传模型”进行遗传分析,并挑选极端抗、感自交系构建混池、结合小麦660K SNP芯片进行混合分组分析(BSA)。研究结果显示小麦品系山农4143对黑胚病抗性符合“4对主基因加性-上位性遗传模型”,主基因遗传力为0.88~0.95;通过BSA检测到黑胚病抗性位点36个,分别位于1A、2B(6)、2D(2)、3A、3B(2)、3D、4A(6)、4D、5A(4)、5B(6)、5D(3)、7A、7B和7D共14条染色体上,A、B、D染色组上分别为13、 15和8个,36个位点中有18个为抗黑胚病新鉴定位点。本研究结果为小麦抗黑胚病位点的精细定位和抗性育种中分子标记的开发奠定了基础。     

绵羊WNT5A基因克隆及其组织表达分析

WNT5A(Wnt family member 5A)参与了多种细胞的增殖、凋亡和分化等生物学过程,在乳腺形态发生、毛囊发育等方面发挥了重要作用。该试验利用RT-PCR获得绵羊WNT5A基因的CDS区,分析WNT5A蛋白的结构特征并利用RT-qPCR检测WNT5A基因在9个组织中的表达情况。绵羊WNT5A基因的CDS区全长1062 bp,编码353个氨基酸。该蛋白的二级结构主要以α-螺旋和无规则卷曲为主,β转角、延伸链贯穿于整个蛋白质结构中。String分析结果表明,WNT5A与卷曲蛋白受体、低密度脂蛋白相关蛋白和受体酪氨酸激酶有相互作用。RT-qPCR研究结果表明,WNT5A基因表达具有组织特异性及品种特异性。WNT5A基因在绵羊心脏、肝脏、肺脏、脾脏、肾脏、卵巢、背最长肌、乳腺和皮肤9个组织中均广泛表达,其中在皮肤中的表达量高于其他组织(P<0.05),而在脾脏中表达量较低。它在甘肃高山细毛羊皮肤、乳腺、背最长肌、肾脏、肺脏、脾脏和肝脏中的表达量高于小尾寒羊(P<0.05),而在甘肃高山细毛羊卵巢中的表达量低于小尾寒羊(P<0.05),在心脏中该基因的表达量无差异(P>0.05)。该结果为深入研究绵羊WNT5A基因的功能提供了重要依据,同时也丰富了绵羊基因组内容。     

Australian Uromyces viciae-fabae: Host and nonhost interaction among cultivated grain legumes

Uromyces viciae-fabae, rust of faba bean, parasitizes other legume crops such as lentils (Lens culinaris) and field peas (Pisum sativum) in some environments. In this study we examined the host range of two Australian isolates of U. viciae-fabae collected and purified from a faba bean crop and classified as U. viciae-fabae ex V. faba. Field pea (P. sativum), chickpea (Cicer arientinum), lupin (Lupinus spp.), lentil (L. culinaris), and mung bean (Vigna radiata) genotypes were tested with these isolates, as well as resistant and susceptible genotypes of the faba bean host. Race specificity for these two pathogen isolates was observed on Vicia faba, with two faba bean genotypes showing partial resistance. Both U. viciae-fabae isolates also colonized field pea seedlings and successfully produced uredinia under glasshouse conditions, despite this fungus not being known as a pathogen of Australian field pea crops. No sporulation of either isolate of U. viciae-fabae ex V. faba was observed on any of the remaining legume species tested. However, obvious differences in fungal growth were observed, ranging from small infection sites with very rare haustorium formation in mung bean to more extensive growth and the development of potential uredinial structures in chickpea. These observations are discussed in relation to the phylogenetic relationship of these host and nonhost species.     

Molecular identification of blast resistance genes in rice landraces from northeastern India

Rice blast disease caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most devastating diseases causing huge losses worldwide. In the present study, major blast resistance genes were investigated in landraces originating from northeastern India. Based on phenotypic evaluation, 288 landraces were classified into three distinct groups: resistant (75), moderately resistant (127) and susceptible (86). The genetic frequencies of the 18 major blast resistance genes were between 6.2% and 27.4%, with only two genotypes possessing a maximum of nine blast resistance genes. The cluster and population structure analysis grouped the landraces into two groups. Through principal coordinate analysis, the scatter plots partitioned the resistant and moderately resistant landraces into different groups. Analysis of molecular variance showed maximum (96%) diversity within populations and least (4%) diversity between populations. Association analysis identified six markers, CRG4_2, RM72, tk59-2, pi21_79-3, RM1233 and RM6648, that are significantly associated with blast disease and explained a phenotypic variance of 1.1–6.5%. The associated genes could be used in marker-assisted rice breeding programmes for gene pyramiding to develop rice varietal resistance against blast disease. The present study represents a valuable blast resistance genetic resource that could be used for identification of new R genes, donors for blast resistance, and genomic studies.     

万寿菊玉米黄质环氧化酶TeZEP基因片段的克隆及分析

为了研究万寿菊中玉米黄质生物合成途径的关键酶基因,首先根据不同物种的ZEP基因进行序列比对找到保守区域设计简并引物,然后利用RT-PCR方法,以万寿菊花瓣总RNA为模板克隆万寿菊ZEP基因cDNA的片段,并进行序列分析。结果表明,万寿菊ZEP基因片段长度为1 058 bp,编码352个氨基酸残基,其序列与其他植物ZEP基因同源性最大为92%;其翻译产物属于亲水性蛋白;且结构域预测结果发现TeZEP基因编码的氨基酸序列含有一个NADB_Rossmann超家族和玉米黄质环氧化酶的特征性结构黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸(FAD)结合位点。本研究成功克隆了万寿菊玉米黄质环氧化酶TeZEP基因片段并对其进行了序列分析,这为进一步研究该基因功能提供了依据,也为构建转基因植物和沉默基因植株以提高玉米黄质合成量提供了一定的参考。     

我国云南、湖北和山东葡萄产区霜霉病菌对甲霜灵的抗性检测

为明确我国云南省宾川县、湖北省公安县和山东省烟台市葡萄产区霜霉病菌对甲霜灵的抗性发生态势,采用叶盘漂浮法测定了这3个产区共127株葡萄霜霉病菌对甲霜灵的抗性频率及抗性水平。结果显示,不同区域间病菌的抗性频率和抗性水平均存在差异。其中,湖北省公安县霜霉病菌的抗性频率和抗性水平均较高,抗性频率达92.0%,高抗菌株占76.0%,低抗菌株占16.0%,敏感菌株占8.0%;山东省烟台市霜霉病菌的抗性频率为74.0%,低抗菌株占64.0%,高抗菌株占10.0%,敏感菌株占26.0%;云南省宾川县霜霉病菌的抗性频率和抗性水平均较低,抗性频率为29.6%,敏感菌株占70.4%,低抗菌株占29.6%,无高抗菌株。